From Quality by Chance, To Quality by Design

1. What is testing?

An integral part of engineering
Set of activities performed to verify that desired level of quality exists in the product
Remember Murphy?
If anything can go wrong, it will...If there is a possibility of several things going
wrong, the one that will cause the most damage will be the one to go wrong
Courtsey:http://www.edwards.af.mil/history/docs_html/tidbits/murphy's_law.htm
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2. What is software testing?
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Integral part of software engineering
Set of activities performed to verify that desired level of quality exists in the software
An afterthought till recently
All quality movements (Unified process, agile methodologies, CMM, ISO etc.)
advocate serious software testing efforts
In practice, often done as a ritual, and often done, in isolation, without consideration
of overall software development effort
“Whatever you do, you are not done, until you have verified that you did what
you wanted to do”
Courtsey: Ivar Jacobson
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Testing is not only an effort to verify that the software behaves as defined but also
to verify that it does not behave in an undesirable way even in the worst of
circumstances
Therefore, unlike other activities of software development, this requires traces of
pessimism and destructive approach
3. What is quality?
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“In god, we trust”: a good quality policy ? No
“We do all right things, so the product should also be right”: : a good quality policy ?
No
Odds against error-free performance seem overwhelmingly high; there is only
one way of performing a task correctly or at best, very few; opportunity to stray
along a multitude of unintended or inappropriate pathways.... many ways to
bungle a simple operation
Courtsey: James Reason

There are as many definitions of quality as there are quality Gurus
From the practical business perspective, what satisfies, or better still delights, the
customer can be considered as a working definition
"Our job is to give the client not what he wants But what he never even dreamt
he wanted"
Courtsey: Sir Denys Lasdun
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It is not an abstract notion but rather very specific & concrete, in the context of a
specific project, at the specific point in time
“Quality is not an act; it is a habit”
Courtsey: Aristotle
4. What is special about software?
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Software development is inherently complex and creative activity, and involves
teamwork
“As such, I work from the premise that software development has been, is, and
will remain a fundamentally hard profession and no one thing will make a state
change in how we develop software”
Courtsey: Grady Booch
“Einstein argued that there must be simplified explanations of nature, because
God is not capricious or arbitrary. No such faith comforts the software engineer.
Much of the complexity that he must master is arbitrary complexity”
Courtsey: Fredreck Brooks
“Software is not limited by physics, like buildings are. It is limited by imagination,
by design, by organization. In short, it is limited by properties of people, not by
properties of the world..... We have not met the enemy, and he is us”
Courtsey: Martin Fowler
5. What goes wrong?
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Software industry and, consequently software engineering, has been, and continues
to be, evolving at a drastic pace.
An average developer has an arduous task of building expertise on, and delivering
solutions using, brand new technologies that he has to work with.
This, combined with the pressure to churn out as much code as possible, leaves very
little room for adoption of the available process standards, methodologies and tools,
which in themselves are evolving.

Ubuntu

System Program Problem Detected on Ubuntu 12.10

 

 

 

 

type this in the terminal window "sudo rm /var/crash/*"

 

CS Research Paper

UML CS Research Paper Repository

Research Databases for Computer Science

Computer Science Students please visit the link above for the references of your research title.

World's Most Accurate Grammar Checker

Issues in Plagiarism...

Plagiarism is common to all students but how to avoid it since there is already the same text in a sentence or in a paragraph. SAME THOUGHT OF WHAT YOU WANT TO ADDRESS.

Sometimes questions arises Why reinvent the wheel if the wheel is running, if there is something wrong with the system hacked the system.

1+1 = decimal 2 in binary that is 10. that's it. you can't change the sum of 1+1 to any decimal number.

What is Plagiarism?
Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It

Thanks to links above.

What is Hypothesis?

It is a wise guess prepared and temporarily adopted to explain the observed factors covered by the study.  

It is a tentative conclusion or answer to a specific question raised at the beginning of the investigation.

Hypothesis helps the researcher in designing the study such as the methods, research instruments, and sampling design to be used as well as the data to be gathered. It also use as bases for determining assumptions and for the explanation about the data gathered.

Forms of Hypothesis

1. Operational Form – It is stated in the affirmative.  It states that there is a difference between two phenomena

2. Null Form – It is stated in the negative. It states that there is no difference between the two phenomena. It is more commonly used.

Examples:

Question:
Is there any significant difference between the perceptions of the teachers and those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of science?

Operational hypothesis
There is a significant difference between the perceptions of the teachers and those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of science.

Null hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the perceptions of the teachers and those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of science.

source from the internet. thanks to the author. great help.

What is Research?

                Research is defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge, undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles. It is also defined as a systematic process of collecting and analysing data to find an answer to a question or a solution to a problem, to validate or test an existing theory.

General Types of Research

                Research can be classified into three general categories; descriptive research, correlation or association research and experimental or intervention research.

Descriptive Research

        The descriptive type of study finds an answer to the questions who, what, when, where and how. 

This type of research describes a situation or a given state of affairs in terms of specified aspects or factors. What may be described are characteristics of individuals or groups (farmers, students, administrators, entrepreneurs, patients, etc.), or conditions ( epidemic, calamities, leadership styles, anxiety level, sales and profit, productivity, etc)

The following examples of research topics in specific areas fall under the descriptive type.

      The management style of school administrators in Midsayap, North Cotabato.

      Marketing practices of the loom weaving industry in Region XII.

Explanatory or Correlation Research

                An explanatory study goes beyond description of a problem or situation. It attempts to explain the possible factors related to a problem which has been observed in a descriptive study. This type of study answers the questions why and how? The factors related to the problem, however, need not be viewed as real causes of the problem, but factors which are associated with or may contribute to the occurrence of the problem.

The researcher usually uses a theory or a hypothesis to account for or explain the forces that are “assumed to have caused” the problem.

The following examples of research topics fall under the explanatory or correlation category.

      Marketing strategies and Sales Performance of garment Industries in the province of North Cotabato.

      Employment and Income As Determinants of Loan Repayment Status of Borrowers of Credit Cooperatives in Midsayap, North Cotabato

Intervention or Experimental Research

                A type of research evaluates the effect or outcome of a particular intervention or treatment. It studies the “cause and effect” relationship between certain factors on a certain phenomenon under controlled conditions. The subjects of the study are randomly assigned to the experimental group and to the control group and both groups are exposed to similar conditions except for the intervention/treatment.

The following research problems are examples of intervention/ experimental type of research.

      Advertising: Its effect on Sales and Profit of Auto Parts Business Establishment in Midsayap”.

      The impact of the Midsayap Microfinance Projects on the Living Conditions of the Beneficiaries.”

source is from the internet. thanks to the author.great help.